You can create a clone of any class by calling this helper function:




 Function DeepClone(Of T)(ByRef orig As T) As T

 ' Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
 If (Object.ReferenceEquals(orig, Nothing)) Then Return Nothing

 Dim formatter As New BinaryFormatter()
 Dim stream As New MemoryStream()

 formatter.Serialize(stream, orig)
 stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)

 Return CType(formatter.Deserialize(stream), T)

 End Function

This works by serializing all the information from your class into a portable object and then rewriting it in order to sever any reference pointers.

> **Note**: The passed in class and any other classes it exposes as properties must be marked [`<Serializable()>`][1] in order to use [`BinaryFormatter.Serialize`][2]



If you want to make your own class expose the clonable method itself, you can add the method and implement the [`ICloneable`][3] interface like this:



 <Serializable()>
 Public Class MyClass : Implements ICloneable

 'NOTE - The Account class must also be Serializable
 Public Property PersonAccount as Account
 Public Property FirstName As String

 Function Clone(ByRef orig As MyClass) As MyClass Implements ICloneable.Clone
 
 ' Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
 If (Object.ReferenceEquals(orig, Nothing)) Then Return Nothing
 
 Dim formatter As New BinaryFormatter()
 Dim stream As New MemoryStream()
 
 formatter.Serialize(stream, orig)
 stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
 
 Return CType(formatter.Deserialize(stream), T)
 
 End Function
 
 End Class

> **Note**: Be aware ICloneable comes with it's share of [controversies][4] as it does not indicate to the caller if it is performing a deep or shallow clone. In reality, you don't need the interface to be able to add the method to your class.

[1]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/System.SerializableAttribute(v=vs.110).aspx
[2]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Serialize(v=vs.110).aspx
[3]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.icloneable(v=vs.110).aspx
[4]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/699210/1366033

Can I please have some help to perform a deep copy of an object.

Here is my code:

 Option Explicit On
 Option Strict On

 <Serializable> Public Class [Class]
 Private _Name As String
 Private _ListOfFields As New List(Of Field)

 Public Property Name As String
 Get
 Return _Name
 End Get
 Set(value As String)
 _Name = value
 End Set
 End Property

 Public Property ListOfFields As List(Of Field)
 Get
 Return _ListOfFields
 End Get
 Set(value As List(Of Field))
 _ListOfFields = value
 End Set
 End Property

 Public Function Clone() As [Class]
 Return DirectCast(Me.MemberwiseClone, [Class])
 End Function

 End Class

Field is a Class that I have written myself as well.

What do I need to modify for the Clone() Function to return a deep copy?

Deep Copy of an Object

Classes come pretty cheap in .NET. If it was valuable to your application, you could write your own custom currency class that uses the decimal type to store the value. You can create an abstract currency class and then other classes that inherit it and have specific implementations or properties or specify some kind of conversion methods between themselves and other know currency units (perhaps as an enum of sorts). 



 Public MustInherit Class Currency
 Public Value As Decimal
 Public Unit As String
 End Class
 
 Public Class Dollars : Inherits Currency
 
 End Class

I'm not too up to date with the latest VB software but when I try to declare a variable both globally and locally as currency it does not recognize it. Any info is much appreciated.

How to declare a variable as currency in VB 2012

## Try any of the following ...

1. **Enable Just My Code** 
 Go to Tools > Options > Debugging > General 
 Check "Enable Just my Code" 
 [![Enable Just my Code][1]][1] 

2. **Cache Symbols Locally** 
 Go to Tools > Options > Debugging > Symbols
 Browse to local directory (make sure it's not on a network share)
 Click "Load All Symbols" or run the project to hydrate the cache

 [![Cache Symbols][2]][2] 
 
3. **Remove Remote Symbol Servers** 

 When you select a remote symbol server, Visual Studio gives you the [following warning][3]:

 > The performance of remote symbols stores can vary due to latency, bandwidth, or availability of servers. Debugging performance can be improved by selecting the option to load only specified modules when enabling this server

 After loading your symbol cache, deselect remote symbols servers

 Go to Tools > Options > Debugging > Symbols
 Deselect "Microsoft Symbol Servers" to prevent Visual Studio from remotely querying the Microsoft servers.
 [![Deselect Microsoft Symbol Servers][4]][4]



## Further Reading

### Stack Overflow

* [Visual Studio debugging/loading very slow][5]
* [Visual Studio Build Very Slow][6]
* [Slow startup with IIS Express][7]
* [Website takes a long time to start after solution build][8]

### MS Docs

* [Visual Studio debugger documentation][9]
* [Debug only user code with Just My Code][10]
* [Specify symbol (.pdb) and source files in the Visual Studio debugger][11]
* [Debugger Settings and Preparation][12]


 [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/XAERs.png
 [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/N2dWb.png
 [3]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/0jBwS.png
 [4]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/xZ1T2.png
 [5]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/12567984/1366033
 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/12095718/1366033
 [7]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/23880900/1366033
 [8]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/5553057/1366033
 [9]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/?view=vs-2019
 [10]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/just-my-code
 [11]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/specify-symbol-dot-pdb-and-source-files-in-the-visual-studio-debugger
 [12]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/debugger-settings-and-preparation

I have an issue which is practically similar to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12567984/visual-studio-debugging-loading-very-slow but I haven't managed to find a solution to such a problem.

I have tried all what is described within that question and still, the symbol loading for the very first time is drastically slow.

Similarly to the other question, when starting an MVC project, I get several lines within the Output panel which consist of something similar to:

    'iisexpress.exe' (Managed (v4.0.30319)): Loaded 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\02ba097f\ab73cbf7\App_Web__headerusermenu.cshtml.ee708ea.myhgafpb.dll', Symbols loaded.
    'iisexpress.exe' (Managed (v4.0.30319)): Loaded 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\02ba097f\ab73cbf7\App_Web__layoutcmsbase.cshtml.ce72eb6d.ovoanhe-.dll', Symbols loaded.
    'iisexpress.exe' (Managed (v4.0.30319)): Loaded 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\02ba097f\ab73cbf7\App_Web__notificationmessage.cshtml.5346933.9aei7ems.dll', Symbols loaded.

Such entries take around 300 - 500 ms each and these are executed for all the Partial Views we have within the project, which are quite considerable.

I have tried the solution within the other question but still didn't get any fast response times. 

These are some tests we have made:

Using IIS Express
-----------------
- Loading website initially takes roughly 2 minutes
- Stopping website and starting again takes around 1 min 45 sec
- Once the website is running, I press on Load All Symbols (Tools > Otions > Debugging > Symbols > Load all symbols) and then stop project and run again, and it takes much less, round 25 sec.  Still, the Load All Symbols button is disabled while the project isn't running, so for the very first time, I would need to wait until the project has loaded in order to press Load All Symbols

Using Visual Studio Development Server
--------------------------------------
- Starting initially, takes roughly 50 sec
- Stopped project and started again, takes roughly 20 sec
- Clicking on Load All Symbols, stopping project and starting again takes roughly 15 sec

This is getting extremely frustrating as it is taking an extremely long amount of time in order to load project for the first time.  

Any possible solution other than those mentioned within the question https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12567984/visual-studio-debugging-loading-very-slow which might help?

Visual Studio debugging painfully slow when loading symbols

SSRS doesn't natively have a Watermark function, but you have a couple workarounds.

### Fix 1 - Background Image

1. Create an image with the watermark you want ([save as .bmp][1])
2. Add the image to the report
3. Set the Report Body Background property to use the image. 
 [Body Properties][5]


**For Step 1, I like the following method**:

1. Create a Word Document
2. Go to Page Layout > Watermark > Custom > and add whatever watermark you want 
 ![Printed Watermark][2]
3. Save the Word Document as PDF.
4. Open the PDF and Select "Copy File to Clipboard" 
 ![Copy File to Clipboard][3]
5. This will create the correct sized image at 612x792. Paste into MSPaint and save as a bitmap. Here's a [sample generated image][4] that just says "TEST" that you can use.

**Conditionally Applying**:

Most times you have a watermark, you want to eventually remove it. Let's say you have a test and production report and you want to toggle the watermark. You can do it like this:

1. Add a Boolean Parameter, here called `IsTest`. It should look like this: 
 ![Report Data][6]
2. On the Body Properties menu, set the background image to use the following formula:

 =iif(Parameters!IsTest.Value,"TestWatermark","")

 ![Background Image Expression][7]

3. When you're calling the report, make sure to pass in the parameter like this:

 report.SetParameters(New ReportParameter("IsTest", appSettings.IsTestEnvironment))


### Fix 2 - Text Field

Alternatively, you can do this with a text field for a little less heavy handed of an approach, but it cannot be rotated at a 45o angle.

1. Add a text field to the report. Make it large and grey.
2. Right click on the text field and click Send to Back so it appears behind all the other elements.
3. Make sure that any other fields with a white background have a transparent background, otherwise you'll get a blotchy display.

### Further Reading

* [Watermark printing in SSRS report][8]
* [How To Watermark your Report With Custom Image][9]


[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/27533461/1366033
[album]: http://imgur.com/a/DieWd
[2]: http://i.imgur.com/OyEmAxb.png
[3]: http://i.imgur.com/6gxD0Nw.png
[4]: http://i.imgur.com/egeTTTq.png
[5]: http://i.imgur.com/C21V485.png
[6]: http://i.imgur.com/lhfPxud.png
[7]: http://i.imgur.com/E7Ji5I4.png
[8]: https://virams.wordpress.com/2010/12/27/ssrs/
[9]: http://basireddysubbareddy.blogspot.com/2013/10/how-to-watermark-your-report-with.html

I know i can watermark an image with reportviewer 2012 in the body part of the page.
My report has header and footer, i need watermark an image in angle for the full page, from the bottom-left to the top-right and that will include the header, body and footer.

Any Idea? Thank you.

Watermark an image with reportviewer (full page report)

All `web.config` files work off multiple *cascading levels of inheritance* at the machine, IIS, project, and folder level locations, with each providing a higher degree of specificity. 

If you're getting this error, it means you've either:

1. Added the same key twice in the same file (unlikely since you would've seen it)
2. The same key already exists in a separate file higher up the inheritance chain

There can be a lot of different root causes for #2, but if you want to side step them, you can just remove any previous declarations and then re-add your own at that level (I'd pay good money for an upsert feature).

So just add `<remove>` tags like this for any offending elements:



<pre><code>&lt;system.webServer&gt;
 &lt;modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"&gt;

 &lt;remove name="ErrorLog" /&gt;
 &lt;remove name="ErrorMail" /&gt;
 &lt;remove name="ErrorFilter" /&gt;

 &lt;add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" /&gt;
 &lt;add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" /&gt;
 &lt;add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" /&gt;

 &lt;/modules&gt;
&lt;/system.webServer&gt;
</code></pre>

In Visual studio, Solution->Web.Project->Properties->Web, I have changed my Project Url from     `http://localhost:51123/` to `http://localhost:51123/NewProjectName` and I keep getting this error:

"*Cannot add duplicate collection entry of type 'add' with unique key attribute 'name' set to ....*" on every module added. 

Adding a remove tag works but then it should have been a problem even before i changed the url. Any suggestions?

IIS express: Cannot add duplicate collection entry of type 'add' with unique key attribute 'name' set to

The value from that popup is stored in your project file.  You can access it by going to the Debug tab on your project properties.  You can change the value there, or if you clear it out, you can get the popup again next time you navigate to remote debugger

![Change Remote Machine](http://i.imgur.com/6cc8Qj8.png)

In Visual Studio 2012, you can select `Remote Machine` from the Build Toolbar

![SelectRemote](http://i.imgur.com/8zVFX1w.png)

On the first click, the `Remote Debugger Connections` dialog popups up and allows you to set where you're debugging against.

![RemoteDebugger](http://i.imgur.com/bnfsPql.png)

The problem is once the value has already been set, navigating to Remote Machine or right clicking anywhere on it will not allow you to change the original configuration.