Is there a way to express this with a terser syntax

<!-- language: lang-cs -->
if (`avgInc' > 0) {
	loc avgIncDec = "increased"
}
else {
	loc acgIncDec = "decreased"
}

Something like an InlineIf (iif):

<!-- language: lang-cs -->
loc avgInc = iif((`avgInc' > 0), "increased", "decreased")

Previous answer focuses helpfully on cond() but contains some minor errors.

   loc avgIncDec = cond(`avginc' > 0, "increased", "decreased")

Note that Stata, like many other languages, uses = for assignment and == to test for equality.